WHAT IS A PINHOLE CAMERA?
A pinhole camera, also known as camera obscura, or "dark chamber", is a simple optical imaging device in the shape of a closed box or chamber. In one of its sides is a small hole which, via the rectilinear propagation of light, creates an image of the outside space on the opposite side of the box.
summary history
Summary History*
Images created via a small opening will be found in
the natural environment and in everyday life, and people in various
parts of the world have been observing them since ancient times.
Probably the earliest surviving description of this kind of observation
dates from the 5th century BC, written by Chinese philosopher Mo Ti. In
the Western hemisphere, Aristotle in 4 BC was asking, without receiving
any satisfactory answer, why sunlight passing through quadrilaterals,
for example, one of the holes in wickerwork, does not create an angled
image, but a round one instead, and why the image of the solar eclipse
passing through a sieve, the leaves of a tree or the gaps between
crossed fingers creates a crescent on the ground. In 10 AD the Arabian
physicist and mathematician Ibn al-Haitham, known as Alhazen, studied
the reverse image formed by a tiny hole and indicated the rectilinear
propagation of light. There was another scholar during the Middle Ages
who was familiar with the principle of the camera obscura, namely
the English monk, philosopher and scientist Roger Bacon. It was not
until the manuscript Codex atlanticus (c. 1485) that the first
detailed description of the pinhole camera was set down by Italian
artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci, who used it to study perspective.Pinhole camera
ingredients to make a pinhole camera: -
- Tin cans, biscuit cans, shoe boxes, etc.
-nail press
-black tape
-special paper or film
-dark room
- Punch holes in any cans or boxes that can be done using a thumbtack provided
closed the hole with black tape
- Make sure the cans are not in a state where any leak or any holes that can cause the light entering
the pinhole camera when ready to use
how to wash a picture using chemicals
process :
- make sure the room is dark before removing paper from the pinhole camera
-chemicals measured correctly
-compiled chemical processing in order to smooth dry in the dark
-computation time for processing paper on chemicals in other chemical should be noted timeliness
resulting images are formed from the pinhole camera
examples :
2-FILM
FILM
material to make the image in film :-
-Developer (minigrain)
-Mineral water (well water)
-Manual SLR camera (film)
-Tray 2 pieces (2 colors)
-tube washers
-scissors
-glass
-Spoon (Mixer)
-Paper positive (+) photo
-bucket
-black T-Shirt
-stopwatch
-Water 3 1/4 trays
-Ait wells
film processing techniques :-
1-Shooting Processes
-Enter your film into the camera. Then jepretkan up to 3 times to remove the front part of the film that had been burned when inserted into the camera. After that, you can take a photo with the first object set speed, aperture, and focal point. If the film has been exhausted, then the camera jepretkan twice in origin to dispose of the rest of the movie could not be used
2 . Dissolution Process Minigrain
-At the same time prepare a mixture minigrain and enter into the tray with water 3 1/4 of the tray . Enter the solution with a smaller package first, then the solution with a large package . Stir gently until dissolved . After that let it , until the film is inserted into the tube washers .
3 . Process Fitting Into Film Washer Tubing
-Prepare a black T-shirt that has been incorporated . Enter the camera , tube washing , Scissors into a black T-shirt ( dark room ) . Enter the hand into the shirt . Close all holes tightly . Then in the camera by pressing the shirt open / unlock the lock , then pull the film out of the camera . After that , cut the film and leave some . Open tube washers , do not forget the film is placed in a safe place . after that , put the film into place large washers enter first. Turn back and forth until exhausted , Insert the tube into place washers washers with cob is in the down position . Close the tube tightly washers , then remove from the shirt .
4 . Process Laundering movie
-Fill the tube with a solution minigrain until full . Then insert the tube and the players circled clockwise for ( approximately ) 12 minutes . After the solution was cast minigrain , and enter the mineral water ( well water ) into the tube , then wipe the whipped ways .
5 . Rinsing Process
-Remove the film from the film drag washers tube , then rinse with running water until the film was rough . Then see the result .
6 . If There's Films That Burned
-If you burn movies , meaning there is still light entering the film into the tube when mounting . You Do not just give up and say "I can what the hell .. ? " .. Try again and again until you get the results you want .
IMAGES FROM FILM TO PAPER PHOTO
materials used:-
-film
-chemicals
-photo paper
method of processing: -
-film is used and placed in the machine for processing
-photo paper placed under the dark room condition and only use red light only
-the length of time taken and differentiated for different results
-wash as usual after the completion of such processing at the pinhole and film
-dry
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DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
** Light Painting
introduction :-
-Shooting with light painting technique is a very exciting and one of the creative use of shutter speed. In photography, light painting, we open the shutter in a long time (long exposure), photographed in darkness and direct the directional light source (eg, a flashlight) at some point along the span of the object in the photo the shutter is open.
-Mechanical photo light painting or light graffiti does not need a lot of costs, the main thing that distinguishes good photo light painting and the mediocre is our creativity and willingness to try. With this technique, we use as a light source like a painting brush.
-The main objective picture technique "painting with light" are we illuminate some areas or points on the object so that only the illuminated area is only recorded in the photograph. Another creative use of light to form a unique pattern. All depends on your vision.
example painting light :-
- What is Aperture?
Aperture controls the brightness of the imge that passes through the lens and falls on the image sensor. It is epressed as an f- number (written as "f/ " followed by a number), such as f/ 1.4, f/ 2 and so on. The higher the f- number, the smaller the aperture and the less light that passes through the lens; the lower the f- number, the larger the aperture and the more light tahat passes through the lens. Changing the f- number also changes the distance in front of or behind the focus point the appears to be in focus.
- What is Shutter Speed ?
The aperture diaphragm of a lens (bigger and smaller values) and the timing (open and close) of the camera's shutter curtain. Both perform the tasks of regulating the amount of the light entering the camera and expose onto the film.
- What is ISO ?
The ISO speed determines how sensitive the camera is to incoming light. Similar to shutter speed, it also correlates 1:1 with how much the exposure increase or decrease. A lower ISO speed is almost always desirable, since higher ISO speed dramatically increase image noise.
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